The term shell can refer to any interface to a computer (in the sense that the shell is the outermost part, the part people interact with.) But more commonly, shell is another way of saying “command line interface” or Terminal.

On Unix systems, there are actually multiple shells — bash, sh, csh, tcsh, and many others. The shell you use determines how you interact with the command line interface, but they’re all similar. The default shell on Mac OS X is bash, or “Bourne Again Shell”. Bash is the one we’ll be using.

To find out what shell you’re using, you can type echo $0 into Terminal and push Enter. It should return “bash”.

There isn’t much practical knowledge to be gained by knowing about the different shells, but I just didn’t want you to be surprised if you heard the terms shell or bash.

Further reading:
Wikipedia: Shell
Wikipedia: bash

Is anything unclear? I’ll explain!

You’ll find Terminal in your Applications/Utilities folder. It’s through the Terminal that you access the command line interface of your Mac. In the same way that the graphical user interface (GUI) lets you operate your computer with a mouse, the command line interface (CLI) lets you operate your computer through typed commands. The graphical user interface is certainly easier to learn, but the command line interface can be very powerful! For instance, you can easily move a file to a new folder by dragging it with the mouse. But if you want to copy all the MP3 files anywhere in your Home folder, it’s must faster to use the command line, or Terminal. (You’ll learn how to do this.)

As long as you’re going to start using Terminal regularly, you might as well make it at home. You can drag the Terminal to your Dock for easy access. Also, you might want to change the look of Terminal by going to Window Settings in the Terminal menu. Switch the drop down menu to Color, then change the color to your liking. I personally like White on Black with a little transparency, but you can do whatever you like.

You might also want to switch to the Display menu and choose a different font and font size. When you’re done, click Use Settings as Defaults.

If you really want to get fancy, you can also access the command line interface through a 3rd party application like iTerm. iTerm adds some niceties that Terminal doesn’t have, such as tabbed windows. I know people that really like iTerm, but I personally just use Terminal.

Further reading:
Wikipedia: Terminal Application
Wikipedia: Text terminal
Wikipedia: Graphical user interface
Wikipedia: Command line interface

Is anything unclear? I’ll explain!

Unix is a computer operating system that was developed in the 60′s and 70′s at AT&T’s Bell Labs. It was designed as a robust, multi-user, multi-tasking operating system and has historically been popular on large mainframe systems at universities and governments.

Since then, many variants have descended from the first Unix, including Linus Torvald’s college project Linux. Unix was originally spelled “UNICS”, an acronym for Uniplexed Information and Computing System.

Mac OS X is built on a version of Unix called FreeBSD, which means that every modern Mac inherits the strength of a powerful, time-tested operating system. FreeBSD is widely regarded as one of the most secure operating systems. Apple combines this with a beautiful interface. Mac OS X is like the engine of a classic muscle car in a shiny, modern body.

Further reading:
Apple: Solid as a Rock
Wikipedia: Unix
The Unix family tree (diagram)

Is anything unclear? I’ll explain!

I’m excited to launch FreeMacUnix, a website all about using Unix on a Mac. You may have noticed the Terminal application in your Utilities folder and wondered what it was. Through Terminal you can access the powerful Unix operating system that powers every Mac. On this blog I’ll teach you what Unix is, how to use it, and how Unix shortcuts can make your life easier. I’ll start at the very beginning — no prior knowledge required — so I hope you’ll join me!